明清以来徽州与苏州基层社会控制方式的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Control Mode of Skeleton Society in Huizhou and Suzhou since Ming and Qing Dynasties

同处江南的徽州与苏州,因其地理环境、经济、社会结构的差异,导致两地社会控制的方式不同。徽州为宗法社会,明中叶以来国家对基层社会的控制多是经由民间宗族组织实现的;而苏州则复杂得多形成官方、半官方和民间组织的多元控制格局,直至太平天国战后,民间组织才得到较大的发展空间。比较两地社会控制的差异,有助于我们理解社会结构与社会控制的对应关系以及社会控制机制与社会发展路向之间的内在联系。

Though situated both in Jiangnan, Huizhou and Suzhou had different social control mode, because of the different geography surroundings and economic and social structures. Huizhou was in a society of patriarchal clan system, and the state control on the skeleton society was conducted mainly by non-governmental organizations; it was more complex in Suzhou, controlled by official, semi-official and non-governmental organizations since the middle of Ming Dynasty until Taipingtianguo War with the coming boom of non-governmental organizations. The comparison of the differences in social control in these two places will be of help to understand the relationship between social structure and social control and the correlation of social control mechanism to social development route.