“政”、“刑”在德性养成中的作用——孔子与亚里士多德德性养成论之比较

The Function of "Zheng","Xing" in Cultivating Virtue: Comparisons between Confusion and Aristotle

孔子认为政与刑不能在德性养成中起积极作用。他认为,政制禁令和刑罚惩治的威慑,虽可令人不违反法律,行为合乎规范,却正好成为德性内化的障碍。亚里士多德对于德性养成的见解与之恰成对照,他认为德性的养成要依赖习惯和训练,同时也离不开法律的教化与惩罚的威胁。两种不同的见解促使人们思考政治与刑律对于德性养成的作用。

Confucius denied that “Zheng” （ 政 ） and “xing” （ 刑 ） can function positively in cultivating virtue. Although the determent of political injunction or punishment by the law can prevent people from violating law, and make their behavior comply with norms, it is just the obstacle of the internalization of virtue. On the contrary, Aristotle insisted that the cultivation of virtue depends on Custom and education. Furthermore, it can not be independent of law and threatening of punishment. Two sharply opposite opinions lead to the reflection of law and politics＇function in cultivating virtue.