大蒜花芽分化的细胞组织学研究

The Cyto-histological Study on Bud Differentiation of Allium sativum L.

从解剖学及细胞组织学角度对大蒜花序及花的发育进行了系统观察。结果表明：大蒜在７叶１心时开始花序分化。花序轴基部先产生３枚总苞叶原基，同时顶端分化出顶花原基。顶花原基形成后，整个花序轴分为３～４个分生组织区，之后每个分生组织区顶端再产生１个花原基，并分为３～４个小区，如此反复进行多次，最终组成聚伞类伞形花序。花原基初形成时为球形，不久引长成棒状，在其顶端依次分化出外轮花被片原基和外轮雄蕊原基，内轮花被片原基和内轮雄蕊原基，心皮原基和胚珠原基。文中还对大蒜花序及花分化中的特殊现象进行了初步研究，分析了大蒜不能结实的原因，以期为大蒜有性生殖提供理论依据。

The reproductive apex with mantle and core is developed after the eigthth leafprimordium of Allium sativum L. is formed.Continuously,the reproductive apex elongatesand becomes inflorescence axis.At the same time,the perianth is produced in the base anda terminal flower primordium appears in the top of the inflorescence axis. With the grow-ing of the terminal flower ,the whole inflorescence axis is dividied into 3～4 meristematiczones,and then a flower primordium is produced in the top of each meristematic zone,Af-ter that each zone can be dividied into 3～4meristematic zones itself.Such process repeatsmany times. The bract primordium grows out from the base of each flower primordium,and a axillary bud primodium is initiated in the axils of it.By the time a flower primordiumbecomes widdened and flattened,the floral parts beginbarise in a continuous acropetal se-quence. Initiation of the primordia of tepals,carpels and bracts originate from the cells ofsecond layers,and initiation of the primordia of flower,axillary bud and stamens,ovuleoriginate from the cells of third layers.