中国古代地理学的目录学考察(一)——《汉书·艺文志》的个案分析

An Inquiry Of Chinese Ancient Geography From Bibliography(一)——A Case Of Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi

本文通过对《汉书·艺文志》类例和叙文的分析,并结合相关出土文献,认为《汉书·艺文志》中著录的独立地理书大致可以分为两类:(1)《地典》和《堪舆金匮》为一类。这一类著作以一定的理论学说对已有的经验地理知识加以统驭,注重的是学说或理论的演绎,是朴素的理论地理知识体系。(2)《山海经》、《国朝》、《宫宅地形》为一类。其基本的出发点是通过对各种地物和地理现象的经验性测量或记录,寻求其内部可能存在的规律性,即“自然之数”。它在某种程度上代表了以观测为基础的经验地理知识体系,注重的是实证性。

Basing on the analysis of Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi and other ancient documents, the article found there were two kinds of geography books noted in the works. One is primitive theoretical geography, which wereDi Dian （classic discussion on geography） and Kan Yu Jin Kui （classic discussion on sky and earth）. The main theories were yin--yang （inDi dian ）and wu-xing （inKan Yu jin Kui ）. These books used their theories to construct geographical knowledge and focused on deducing functions. The other is empirical geography, which might be Shan Hai Jing （classic description on mountains and rivers） , Guo Chao （don＇t known）, Gong Zhai Di Xing （The good terrain on palace and house）. In these books, there were all kinds of descriptions of mountains, rivers, terrains, and other geographical objections and geographical phenomenon that were surveyed, inquired, even imagined. They thought there were some natural laws in such empirical materials and wanted to find them