上海城市土地利用形成、变化及其空间作用机制

URBAN LANDUSE DEVELOPMENT AND RELATED SPATIAL MECHANISM IN SHANGHAI REGION

基于多时段TM遥感影象资料,对上海地区近10年来城市土地利用变化类型、形成过程和相关空间机制进行了研究,结果表明:①农业用地是全区近10年来城市用地扩展的主要来源;②灌草丛与弃耕地作为一类独特的“中间过渡”土地利用类型,其数量、分布在一定程度上指示着新开发区形成、扩展的强度和方位;③具有较大面积、较少转变次数的土地利用变化类型,其空间格局强度最为显著,空间凝集度和亲和性也最强,构成区域城市化扩展的主体骨架。在此基础上,以具有较大规模的多个扩展核(常构成城市的CBD)为核心的“多核扩展”和以卫星城、交通干线周围为主的“点—轴扩展”模式,成为本区域城市化过程中城市形态组建和扩展的主要形式;④上海中心城区及其他主要城镇城市化过程中土地利用效率和集约化程度较高,以中、小城镇为主的城市化扩展过程则往往经历了较多的土地利用转变方式及其过程,城市化过程中土地集约化使用程度低,城市化土地利用扩展过程显得零散,规律性、可解释性较差。

Based on the multi temporal remotely sensed data of TM, the evolvement, transformation and related spatial mechanism of urban landuse in Shanghai in the past decade were analyzed by map algebra and the spatial analysis （i. e, neighboring analysis）. The results indicate that： （1）Agricultural landuse acted as a key contributor to the overall urban landuse growth in the past decade in Shanghai Region. （2） “Shrubs＆ fallows” is a unique landuse type produced from the interface between the agricultural and urban landuse types. As an indicator in the growth of urban landuse, the quantity, distribution and turnover rate of this landuse type can to some degree characterize the growth rate and spatial distribution of developing zones. （3）These landuse types with larger area and less transforming frequencies exhibited strong spatial pattern and spatial affiliation to other landuse types, and formed the framework of regional urbanization, “Multi-core expanding” around Shanghai Central City and its sub-cities as well as the “point-axes expanding” around satellite towns and main transportation lines dominate the modes in process of urban growth and urban landuse expanding. （4）Shanghai Central City and its main sub-cities showed high effi ciency and intensity in the urban landuse development. In contrast, other medium or small towns have in general experienced high frequent and complicated process in landuse transformation, and presented low intensity in landuse, thus their urban landuse expanding process tends to be spatially scattered to some degree.