GIS支持下的岷江上游流域景观格局分析

AN ANALYSIS ON THE LANDSCAPE PATTERNS BASED ON THE GIS TECHNOLOGY IN THE UPPER MIN RIVER BASIN

在GIS技术支持下,利用2000年遥感资料,在土地利用分类基础上编制景观类型图;运用生态学与景观生态学的基本原理,选取景观斑块数、变异系数、分维数、分离度、破碎度等反映景观空间格局的指数,从景观斑块特征、景观形状、景观异质性以及景观的空间分布等方面对岷江上游流域的景观格局进行了分析。结果表明:①草地与林地构成了研究区景观的主体,二者面积占研究区总面积的95.12%,草地因其面积最大而成为整个景观的基质;②研究区幅员辽阔,以藏、羌族为主的少数民族居民喜好聚居等特点,使得耕地、城乡居住建设用地出现小聚居、大散居格局,其分离度与破碎度均较大;③因研究区海拔高差大,整个景观格局呈现出明显的垂直分布特征,从山谷到山顶依次按照城乡居住建设用地—耕地—林地—草地—水域—未利用地的顺序分布。

Using GIS, the map of landscape patterns has been charted based on me lana use classification with remote sensing images obtained in 2000. Landscape patterns of the upper Min River Basin have been analyzed from such point of view as the landscape＇s patch characters, shape, heterogeneity, and spatial distribution through the indices of the number of patches, variability coefficient, fractal dimension, isolation, fragmentation. The analysis on the ecological landscape patterns of land use indicates that grassland and forest are the main landscape types, which occupy 95.12% of the total study area and grassland is the matrix of the whole landscape because its area is the most and the connectivity is the best. With the vast land and the minority people of the Tibetan and the Qiang family in the study area fond of living together, the arable land and the residential area in the study area occur as the pattern of convergency but dispersed in fact, which lead to the value of the isolation and fragmentation of those two landscape types are very high. The distribution of landscape types has evident altitudinal zonality and the distribution order is approximately the construction area-arable land-forest-grassland-water-unused land from valley to mountaintop for the big vertical space of the height above sea level.