利用微卫星标记分析湖南4个地方鹅品种遗传多样性

Genetic diversity of 4 indigenous goose breeds in Hunan Province by microsatellite markers

通过选用31个多态性较好的微卫星标记，检测了湖南4个地方鹅品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度（H）、多态信息含量（PIC）和群体间的DA遗传距离。结果表呀，31个微卫星位点中有25个微卫星位点在4个鹅群体中的多态信息含量均为中度多态，可作为有效的遗传标记用于各鹅品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析。4个鹅品种中，平均杂合度范围是0．5010—0．6705，各鹅种的杂合度都较高，最高的是酃县白鹅（0．6705），最低的是武冈铜鹅，而且杂合度的高低与PIC值的大小体现了较高的一致性。对D。遗传距离的计算表明，用UPGMA法进行聚类分析，结果4个鹅品种被聚为3类：道州黑鹅与酃县白鹅聚为第1类；武冈铜鹅自聚为第2类；溆浦鹅自聚为第3类。

Thirty-one microsatellite markers with medium polymorphisms were selected.to detect the genetic diversity of 4 indigenous goose breeds in Hunan Province. According to the allele frequencies of 31 microsatellite sites, mean heterozygosity （H）, polymorphism information content （PIC） and DA genetic distances were calculated for each breed. The results showed that 25 of 31 microsatellite sites were middle polymorphic, so the 25 microsatellite markers were effective markers for analysis of genetic relationship among goose breeds. The mean heterozygosity of 4 goose breeds all exceeded 0.5. The highest one was in the Lingxian White（0. 6705） , and the lowest one was in the Wugang Tong （0. 5010）. The high diversity of 4 goose breeds might lie in the traffic obstruction. The results of the heterozygosity were consistent with that of PIC. UPGMA tree was completed through analysis of DA genetic distances. Daozhou Dark and Lingxian White were in the first group;Wugang Tong was in the second group and Xupu was in the third group.