水稻叶片上表面气孔特征的变异

VARIATION IN STOMATAL CHARACTERISTICS OVER UPPER SURFACE OF ORYZA SATIVA LEAVES

用硅胶压印技术观测水稻叶片正面的气孔密度、大小和开度，所得数据用ＧＩＭＭＳ计算机软件绘制成气孔特征分布等值图。结果表明：不同取样时间气孔开度变异甚大；在叶片不同部位，以叶片中部的气孔开度较大，叶片基部的气孔开度较小；叶片顶部和边缘的气孔开度因测定时间而异。气孔大小和密度的分布也有很大的不均一性：叶片边缘气孔分布最多，叶片顶部气孔分布最少；保卫细胞则以叶片顶部的最大，叶片边缘的最小。讨论了试验结果对气孔生理研究的意义。

The silicone rubber impression technique was used to observe and measure stomatal density, sizes and apertures over the upper surface of rice ( Oryza sativa L.). The data were analysed and contour maps of stomatal characteristics were drawn using GIMMS computer program. Great variation was seen in “iso aperture” pattens among sampling times. Stomatal apertures in the middle of the leaf were bigger than those near to the leaf margins, and the apertures at the leaf tip and base varied with sampling times. Variation in stomatal density and sizes was great over the leaf surface: the distribution of stomata near to the leaf margins was densest and at the leaf tip sparsest; the guard cells, however, were largest at the leaf tip and smallest near to the leaf margins. The significance of the results was discussed in relation to the stomatal physiology.