吨粮田麦作生育期间地下水位动态及其控制技术的研究

UNDERGROUND WATER TABLE DYNAMICS OF WHEAT FIELD WITH 1000kg CROP GRAIN YIELD AND ITS CONTROLLING TECHNIQUE

两年研究结果表明，吨粮田麦作生育期间地下水位拔节孕穗前较高，其中拔节孕穗期最高，是渍害形成机率最大的阶段；孕穗开花以后，地下水位呈显著下降趋势。拔节孕穗前降雨对抬高地下水位有显著影响，孕穗开花以后影响较小，而灌浆成熟期降雨几乎不会引起地下水位的明显上升。淮南平原及沿江圩区单产５２５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２以上高产田块，拔节孕穗期适宜地下水位为９０～１３０ｃｍ，其中以１３０ｃｍ最佳；丘陵地区４５００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２以上田块，最适地下水位为９０ｃｍ。吨粮田麦作生育期间地下水位的调控应遵循“内外结合、明暗结合、逐级配套”的排水体系原则，其中地下暗管排水是控制和降低地下水位最有效的措施之一。

Two year studies showed that during the growth and development stages of wheat in the field with 1 000kg crop yield, the stem elongation stages and spike formation had the highest underground water table, and in the stages after it the underground water table of wheat field decreased steeply. Rainfall was the key factor influencing the up and down of underground water table before stem elongation and spike formation stages. On plain in south HuaRiver and Polder area in coastal changjiang River, the reasonable underground water table of wheat field with 5 250kg/hm 2 yield in stem elongation and spike formation stages were 90￣130cm, with 130cm most reasonable. In small mountain zone with 4 500 kg/hm 2 grain yield, 90cm was most suitable. The controlling of underground water table in field with 1000kg crop grain yield should follow drainage system principle 'combination of inter and out, open and sub, unite of sever grade drain systems'. The subdrainage was the most effective measure in controlling and lowering the underground water table.