社会需求、技术缺失与机器的诞生

Society Demand,Techno-absence,and the Presence of Machine

在肯定前人关于技术发展根本动力是“需求”的观点基础上,提出了技术改进和技术发明的一般性机制———“技术缺失”的显现和对这种显现的领会,并结合原始手工工具和机器的发明历史予以论证。机器的诞生是资本主义生产需求引发的,没有这种社会需求便不会有“机器缺失”的显现,也就没有弥补“缺失”的发明活动。机器技术的每一步进展,都是从手工工具使用时的局限中发现了改进的方向,前一阶段的技术缺失是后来改进和发明的向导;前一阶段的功能结构,在后一阶段都有一定的保留。现代技术尽管异常复杂,它的发明仍然是以另一个层次的“技术缺失”为基本条件的。

On the basis of affirming an opinion of former people that ＂demand＂ should be the primary engine for technological development, this paper points out the emergence of ＂techno-absenee＂, which is the common mechanics for technological improvement and invention, as well as the comprehen sion for the emergence. On the other hand, it will be demonstrated by the invention history of original handcraft tools and machines. The presence of machine was resulted by capitalistic production mode. Without this kind of society demand, it would be no the emergence of machine-absence, no the creation aetivily that making up the ＂absence＂ either. The very development of machine, comes from the irnprovement of the way which brought forth by the constraint of using handcraft tools. The function and structure of the former stage, will be maintained to a certain degree at the latter stage. Despite of the special complex of modem technology, its invention still takes ＂techno-absenee＂ from other levels as the precondition.