利用污水厂污泥生产复混肥及对冬小麦增产效果研究

Effect of Applying Sewage Sludge Compound Fertilizer on Winter Wheat Yield

研究了以污水厂污泥与尿素、磷酸二铵、磷酸铵、氯化钾等化肥为原料的复混肥生产工艺，通过控制C／N、含水率、温度、供气量等工艺参数，生产出了能在农业上应用的污泥复混肥．通过在沙质土壤中施用不同量及不同配方的复混肥，进行了城市生活污水污泥复混肥在冬小麦生长中的应用效果研究．结果表明，污泥复混肥具有良好的改良土壤、增加小麦产量的作用．污泥复混肥作底肥与对照组相比，对植株的生长性状大都产生了显著或极显著的影响．小麦冬前分蘖增加30～60万个／hm^2，返青后分蘖数增加30～90万个／hm^2，拔节期蘖茎数增加30～105万个／hm^2，穗数增加19．5～45万条／hm^2，株高增加2～4cm．施用复混肥对小麦发育生长没有不良影响，有增产效果．一般穗粒数增加1～2个，千粒质量提高0．1～1．7g，产量增加457．5～1209．0kg／hm^2，增产率为7．6％～20．2％．但是由于污泥中重金属在土壤中的累积及在粮食作物中的富集现象，施用复混肥应控制污泥的比例．

The processing technology of sewage sludge compound fertilizer was studied by mixing sewage sludge and urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and so on. The compound fertilizer could be produced and be applied on agriculture by controlling C/N, moisture content, temperature and aeration. This study showed that the application effect of sewage sludge compound fertilizer on the growth of winter wheat by using different quantity in sand quality soil and different prescription compound fertilizer. Results indicated that sewage sludge compound fertilizer could improve the fertility of soil and increase the wheat output; Compared with chemical fertilizer, the effect of applying compound fertilizer on wheat yield are obviously. The tiller number per hm^2 was increased by 3 × 10^5-6 × 10^5 before winter, and increased by 3 × 10^5-9 × 10^5 after turning green. The number of tiller stem at jointing stage was increased by 3.00 × 10^5-1.05 × 10^6, the number of ear per hm2 was increased by 1.95 × 10^5-4.50 × 10^5 and plant height was increased by 2-4 cm. The number of ear was increased by 1-2, thousand-seed mass was raised by 0. 1-1.7 g, the yield per hm^2 was increased by 457.5-1 209.0 kg, the increased yield percentage was 7.6%-20. 2%. For the heavy metal in sludge could be accumulated in soil and enriched in grain crop, the proportion of sewage sludge in compound fertilizer should be controlled.