山区农田道路路面种草生长发育与通行能力观测

Growth characteristics and anti-trample capacity of planting grass on terrene road in loess hilly-gully region

广大山区农田道路在种植和收获季节以外长期处于闲置状态．这为植物的种植和生长提供了可能。1997～2001年，采用定点监测方法，在黄土丘陵陕西省延安市下砭沟流域经过5年研究证实，农业生产道路路面不仅可以种草，而且具有一定生态经济价值。在条播下，小冠花、胡枝子、无芒雀麦每千米年产值可达1247-2253．53元。牧草耐践踏能力受道路坡度、通行车次、牧草品种多重影响，禾本科牧草一般可承受300次／a以下车辆碾压，豆科牧草抗碾压能力较弱，200次／a的通行量即可造成受压部位牧草全部死亡。道路种植禾本科牧草后，除有机质外，土壤中其它营养成分均有不同程度的亏损，因此有必要补充各种肥料延长路面牧草使用年限，提高牧草防蚀能力。

In rural areas, after planting and before harvesting, the road in farmland is remaining idle, this is prone to plant grass on the terrene road. In the period of 1997-2001, the authors put many road tests for planting grass on the terrene road in Xiabian gully, Yan＇an city, Loess Hilly-gully region. The results of 5 years testing indicate that terrene road can not only plant grass but have definite eco-economic value in rural areas. With strip sowing, the annual production values of planting Coronilla varia L. , Lespedeza blcolor Turcz. and Bromus inermis Leyss. can reach 1247-2253. 53 yuan· km^-1· a^-1. The anti-trample capacity of grass was affected by many factors, such as the slope of road, passage times of vehicles and variety of grass. Grass can bear trampled by the vehicles which under 300 times/a. Leguminous grass capacity of anti-trample is weaker than grass, when the passing times of vehicles attach 200 times/a, the Leguminous grass trampled by wheel would all die. Fertilizer should be applied to the soil to compensate the loss of nutrition after planting grass on the road.