光子扫描隧道显微镜的超衍射分辨的光子理论假说

A photon theory hypothesis about photon tunneling microscope's subwavelength resolution

光子扫描隧道显微镜（ＰｈｏｔｏｎＳｃａｎｎｉｎｇＴｕｎｎｅｌｉｎｇＭｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｅ，简称ＰＳＴＭ）的发明是在近场光学理论、全内反射理论、光纤技术、高灵敏度光电探测技术和计算机等获得重大进展的基础之上取得的，最近的研究结果表明其ＰＳＴＭ已实现１～３ｎｍ的超衍射极限的分辨率，如何解释ＰＳＴＭ能够获得如此高的超衍射极限分辨率？ＰＳＴＭ能获得的超衍射极限分辨率会是多少？本文提出一种关于ＰＳＴＭ的光子理论假说，这个假说是基于下面两个基本定律：１．光子不只是携带能量和光学信息的载体，也是具有一定空间尺寸的基本粒子２．当光子发生反射、折射、散射等时，仅改变它所携带的能量和光学信息，它的粒子尺寸并不改变，即ｐｈｏｔｏ＝常数．将上面两个基本定律应用于ＰＳＴＭ时，所谓“消逝场（ｅｖａｎｅｓｃｅｎｔｆｉｅｌｄ）”实际上乃是弱光子分布场，探测光纤尖端尺寸实际上相当于一个“门”，它控制着进入光纤的光子数量，通过一些计算，可获得如下几个结论：１．在ＰＳＴＭ的探测系统足够灵敏的条件下，探测光纤尖端的直径Ｄ和近场探测间距Ｚ是决定ＰＳＴＭ超级射分辨率的两个最重要的因索．２．ＰＳＴＭ分辨极限将产生在Ｄ＝ｐｈｏｔｏｎ和Ｚ＝ｐｈｏｔｏｎ．３Ｐ?

Foundations for the invention of the photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM)are the near field scanning optical microscope (NFSOM), the optical fiber technique (OF), the total internal reflection (TIR),high sensitive opto-electronic detecting technique,computer technique etc. Recent research results shown the subwavelength resolution of 1～3nm is obtained. How to explain that the PSTM has got so high subwavelength resolution? What value is the PSTM's limiting on subwavelength resolution? To resolve these problems, this paper presented a photon theory hypothesis about PSTM, which based on the follwing two basic laws:1. Photon is not only a carrier of energy and optical informations, but also is a particle occupying fixed space size.2. When reflection, refraction or scattering happed, a photon only changes its energy and optical information carried; its particle size does not change. i .e.photon = constant.Applying this two basic laws to PSTM, the 'evanescent field' is pratically a weak photon distribution field and the detecting fiber tip diameter is pratically a 'gate' which size controls the photon numbers into fiber tip. Through calculations and inferences the following three conclusions can be reached:1. when the PSTM 's detection system sensitivity is high enough, the diameter D of detecting fiber tip and the near field detecting destance Z are two most important factors deciding the subwavelength resolution of PSTM.2. Limiting on PSTM's resolution is ditermined by the conditions of D =photon and Z=photon, where photon is oen photon size.3. The final resolution limit R of PSTM will be