北魏早期汉族士人的文学观念与散文传统形成之关系

On the Relationship between Han Scholars' Views of Literature in Pro-Northern Wei Dynasty and the Formation of Prose Tradition

北魏早期汉族士人在参加拓跋氏政权之后,由于与鲜卑人在种族和文化方面存在着巨大差异而导致难以避免的猜疑和误会,使得他们的处境极为艰难。汉族士人采取了一切手段来保护自己家族的势力和延续,有意放弃吟咏性情、抒写心志的文学创作,形成了“不勤著述”的家族文化传统。与此同时,拓跋鲜卑政权在选拔汉族官员时,以善天文谶纬者为优先,统治者热衷于学习兵法风角、天文秘纬,对士人的文学才能视而不见。北魏早期汉族士人由于上述两方面的原因,文学创作上长于笔而疏于文,对北魏散文崇尚简洁注重实用传统的形成产生了重要影响。

Han scholars ＇situation became very hard because of the Xianbei＇ suspicion and misunderstanding which were caused by the huge difference in race and culture. For their family＇s lasting, they gave up the lyric style, hence the family culture tradition of ＂neglect the writings＂ was formed. At the same time, people were good at astronomy, and the governers addicted in studying military, Fengjiao, the chronometer and Weishu, thus the literature abilities of the scholars were neglected. Because of the above two reasons, Han scholars in pro-Northern Wei Dynasty paid more attention to the papers not to the prose.