运动竞赛“Choking”现象的影响因素及应对研究

A Study on the Influence Factors of “Choking” Phenomenon in Movement Competition and the Countermeasures

综述近年来国、内外有关“choking”现象研究成果,分析诱发产生“choking”的自我意识、特质焦虑、心理控制感、注意特征、压力认知、经验水平、项目特征、教练与对手、观众效应、比赛进程等内外部因素,并提出重视科学心理选材、关注个体自我意识、慎重处理运动焦虑、适度控制努力程度、运用积极认知评价、内控和情绪定向、主动寻求社会支持、回避心理认知压力、关注技术特征等应对策略。

Summary the research results about ＂choking＂ phenomenon home and overseas in recent years, has analyzed the production factor of ＂choking＂, like self - awareness, special characteristic anxious, psychological control feeling, attention characteristic, pressure cognition , experience level, project characteristic, coach and match, audience effect, competition advancement and so on. The article proposed some countermeasures, including take to select the talented person, the attention individual .self-awareness from the psychological angle, prudently process the movement to be anxious, moderately to control the level of effort, the utilization positive cognition appraisal, in control with the mood direction detection, seek the .society to support, to avoid the psychological cognition pressure , the attention technology characteristic on own initiative and so on.