墨家的传《诗》版本与《诗》学观念——兼论战国《诗》学系统

Annotated Edition and Academic Idea on The Book of Songs of the Mohist School——Also on the Academic System of The Book of Songs in the Period of Warring States

《墨子》引《诗》与“汉代四家诗”各本相应篇章对校,有40%左右的语句差别、10%以上的字词差别,另外还有名称、章次、句次差别等,这说明在《墨子》成书与流传的战国时期,《诗三百》有多种版本在流传。墨家引《诗》,遵循着“以《诗》为史”和“以《诗》为训”的《诗》学观念,论《诗》时没有“以《诗》为教”的《诗》学观念;这与儒家解《诗》论《诗》时所奉行的“以《诗》为教”的《诗》学观念不同。由此可以看出,与儒家《诗》学观属于孔子开创的“诗教《诗》学系统”不同,墨家引《诗》解《诗》论《诗》所展现出的《诗》学观,应属于传统的“历史《诗》学系统”。

Proofreading the sentences of The Book of Songs quoted by with editions the four schools in the Han Dynasty,we can see there are about 40% differences in sentences and more than 10% differences in words. In addition, there are differences between names,sections,and in the number of sentences and so on. The results show that in the period of Warring States when Mozi was accomplished and circulated, there were many various editions of The Book of Songs circulating. Mohist School annotated The Book of Songs, considering it as history and standard. When they commented The Book of songs, they did not consider it as teaching. Therefore,different from the academic system of The Book of Songs of the Corffucius＇ s creation, the subject of study concept of Mohist School when they quoted and commented The Book of Songs, should belong to the traditional historical system.