冷战后美国国防工业的重组

The Restructuring of American Defense Industry after the End of the Cold War

冷战后美国国防工业进行了重组,一方面组建了巨大的国防承包商,另一方面走军民一体化道路,并在武器装备上进行国际合作,以构建新的国防工业体系。出现这种情况的原因是多方面的,这既是冷战遗留下来的国防生产能力过剩,也是美国希望保持军事技术优势、美国国家安全观的改变和军事转型的需要,以及新军事变革的需要。美国国防工业的重组也给美国和世界带来不容忽视的影响。它在保持美国科技优势,在可预见的将来为保持美国一超独霸地位提供条件,扩大大型国防公司对国家政策影响力的同时,也给美国带来了新的安全困境。

After the end of the Cold War, American defense industry underwent restructuring. Huge defense contractors emerged, dual use of military and civilian production was integrated, and international cooperation in weaponry was introduced. The reason for such restructuring is multifaceted. It is due to the overproduction in the defense industry, a legacy of the Cold War. It is also out of the wish of maintaining superiority in military technology. The change in the perception of national security and the need of military transformation also play a role. The restructuring of the defense industry also has made a great impact on the United States and the rest of the world. It provides conditions for the United States to maintain its superpower status in the foreseeable future and expands the influence of big defense-oriented corporations on national policies. But, at the same time, it also brings a new security dilemma.