山东省城市化对区域平均温度序列的影响

Urban Heat Island Effect on Change of Regional Mean Temperature over Shandong Province, China

对山东省国家基本/基准站、代表性的城市站与代表性的乡村站1963～2002年共40年的月、季、年平均温度资料进行了对比分析,并对济南站进行了个例研究.从增温趋势看出,城市站和国家基本/基准站比乡村站增温趋势显著.近40年来城市热岛效应增强因素对基本/基准站年平均温度的增温贡献率为27.22%,对所选城市站年平均温度的增温贡献率为21.71%,济南站为23.43%.城市热岛效应增强因素对季节增暖的贡献以夏季为最大,其次是春季和秋季,而冬季最小.因此,目前根据国家基本/基准站资料建立的山东或华北地区平均温度序列在一定程度上保留着城市化的影响,有必要做进一步的检验和订正.

Using data of monthly mean temperature from 88 stations over Shandong Province, effect of increased urban heat island magnitude on the regional annual and seasonal mean temperature series as constructed based on the national basic/reference stations and five urban stations was analyzed for period of 1963-2002. It has been found that the trends of temperature change as calculaled using data from national basic/reference stations and urban stations are generally larger than that from rural stations. The rural stations consist of five “pure” countryside stations across the province. The contributions of increased urban heat island magnitude to the trends of regional mean temperature change calculated based on data from national basic/reference stations and five urban stations are estimated as being 27.22%, and 21.71% respectively. It is also interesting to note that, on the basis of national basic/reference stations records, maximum warming rate of the regional seasonal mean temperature occurred in wintertime, and maximum urban warming rate occurred in springtime, but the largest relative contribution of increased urban heat island magnitude to the regional warming rate, about 77%, was in summertime. Above all, the results indicate the essentiality to pay more attention to the effect of urban heat island magnitude change on long term mean temperature series as constructed using the data of national basic/reference stations, at least on the regional scale in North China.