粤语能性述补结构“Neg-V得OC／CO"的来源

Origin of the potential verbal - complement constructions "Neg-V 得OC(/CO)" in Yue dialect

本文从比较方言学的角度讨论粤语“Neg—V得OC(／CO)”格式的来源以及粤语能性述补结构否定式的类型特征。初步的结论是:(1)“Neg—V得OC”和“Neg—V得CO”是粤语的一种类推创新层次,它们是在肯定形式“V得OC”、“V得CO”之前加上否定词构成的。(2)能性述补结构否定式中否定词前置是粤语区别于其他方言的一个显著的类型学特征。(3)某些非粤语方言和少数民族语言采用否定词前置型的述补结构否定式是粤语句法影响的结果。

This paper discusses the emergence of the potential verbal complement constructions “ Neg-V 得 OC（/CO）” and the typological features of negative expressions of the potential verbal-complement constructions in Yue dialect from a perspective of comparative dialects. Three main hypotheses are put forward in this article, that is. （1） both the constructions“Neg-V得OC”and “Neg-V 得 CO” arc the creating strata of Yue dialect, and formed by placing a negative before the positive construction “V得 OC” or “V得CO”; （2） preposing of the negative in the potential verbal-complement constructions is a notable typological feature of Yue dialect, which may distinguish Yue dialect from other dialects of Chinese; （3） the potential verbal-complement constructions of the negativepreposing pattern found in some of the non-Yue dialects and Minority Languages of China can be attributed to the syntactic influence of Yue dialect.