小麦—偃麦草—簇毛麦—黑麦四属杂种的产生及其形态学、细胞学研究

Production and Cytogenetics of Tetrageneric Hybrids Involving Triticum, Agropyron, Haynaldia and Secale

通过胚培养产生了小麦－偃麦草－簇毛麦－黑麦四属杂种。用４个六倍体小偃麦，２个六倍体小簇麦，２个六倍体小黑麦及１个八倍体小偃麦配置了６个四属杂种组合。结果没有出现高度不亲和性。６个组合的杂交结实率分别为６．２％、９．４％、２．４％、９．５％、２５．０％和３．９％；胚培成苗率分别为１２．１％、２０％、３７．４％、４０％、１．１％和７．１％。结果表明，杂交结实率与胚培成苗率间没有相关性。杂种Ｆ１生活力旺盛，形态具有四个属的特征特性。杂种属于自交高不育与低育类型。５个低育类型自交结实率平均约１．２％。四属杂种体细胞染色体数目的变化为３６、３７、３８、３９、４０和４１。其中多数属于具有３８个左右染色体的植株。

Tetrageneric hybrids involving Triticum,Agropyron,Haynaldia and Secale were produced by using embryo culture.No incompatibility in hybrid production in b cross conbinations between 4 Agrotriticum (6x),2 Haynatriticum(6x),2 Triticale(6x)and 1 Agrotriticum(8x)was found.The seed setting percentage of the 6 cross combinations were 2.4%,3.9%,6.2%,9.4%,9.5% and 25.0% respectively.Seedling ratios in embryo culture were 40%,7.1%,12.1%,20.0%,37.4% and 1.1%,The results showed that there was no corelation between setting percentage and seedling ratio in embryo culture.The plants of hybrid F1 grew luxuriantly, and had characters of the 4 genera.The mean selfing-percentages of 5 low-fertility types in F1 were about 1.2%.The chromosome numbers in tetrageneric hybrids varied from 36,37,38,39,40 and 41 most of the plants had 38 chromosomes.