论二战后英国对缅甸山区民族的分治政策

British Divide-and-Rule Policy towards the Mountain Ethnic Groups in Burma after WWII

二战末期,英国重新占领缅甸,颁布对缅白皮书,其中规定山区由英国总督直接管辖,企图以山区民族来对抗缅甸本部,以达到长期统治缅甸的目的。由于缅甸反法西斯人民自由同盟采取积极的民族和解政策,并提出脱离英联邦而独立的主张,英国政府被迫调整对缅甸山区民族的政策,企图使缅甸留在英联邦内。与此同时,英国殖民政府暗中操纵民族分离主义,以制衡缅甸的民族独立运动,从而给独立后的缅甸留下诸多难以弥合的民族冲突和难以消除的民族分离主义祸根。

Britain occupied Burma again at the end of WWII and published the White Paper to Burma providing the mountain area directly under the British Governor in order to make use of the mountain ethnic groups against Burmese Lowlands and protract British rule. Owing to the positive ethnic conciliation policy and Burmese independence proclaim of the Anti -Fascist People＇s Freedom League, the British government was forced to adjust the policy towards the mountain ethnic groups with attempts to keep Burma in the British Commonwealth. Meanwhile, the British colonial government manipulated ethnic separatists secretly and restricted Burmese independent movement, leaving many stubborn ethnic conflicts and roots of ethnic separatism in independent Burma.