日常生活时间性预期记忆的提取线索探析

Retrieval Cues on Everyday Time-based Prospective Memory

目的探讨日常生活时间性预期记忆的提取线索及其特点。方法采用自编的时间性预期记忆的提取问题调查表，对254名17—40岁的学生、教师等进行测试。结果（1）日常生活时间性预期记忆的提取线索主要有三个方面；记忆策略、加工产物和意图类型。（2）日常生活时间性预期记忆的提取线索存在显著的年龄差异，26-40岁年龄组在记忆策略（t=2.98，P〈0．01）、加工产物（t=2．53，P〈0．05）和意图类型（t=2．64，P〈0．01）因子上的得分均真显著高于17-25岁年龄组。（3）日常生活时间性预期记忆的提取线索存在显著的师生差异，教师在记忆策略（t=3．75，P〈0．001）、加工产物（t=2.43，P〈0．05）和意图类型（t=2．10，P〈0．05）因子上的得分真显著高于学生。（4）记忆自评偏好组在加工产物（t=5．53，P〈0．001）和意图类型（t=2．27，P〈0．05）因子上的得分显著高于记忆自评偏差组。结论个体倾向于使用记忆策略、加工产物和意图类型作为时间性预期记忆的提取线索，表现出明真真的加工性和经验性特点。

Objective To explore the type and characteristic of everyday Time-based prospective memory. Methods Adopting self-made inventory named the retrieval problems on time-based prospective memory, 254 students and teachers and so on, with age from 17 to 40 were assessed. Results First, retrieval cues on time-based prospective memory mainly reflect the following three aspects： memory strategy, accessed production and intention type. Second, Striking age differences can be found in these three elements including memory strategy （t = 2. 98, P〈0.01）, accessed production （t = 2.53, P〈 0.05） and intention type（t=2.64,P〈0.01）, the score got by the age group from 26 to 40 is much higher than the age group from 17 to 25 among them. Third, which represents that there is exceedingly distinctive performance found between students and teach ers in the retrieval cues on time-based prospective memory, the score got by the teachers is much higher than the students＇ （P〈0. 05）. Forth, with difference memory groups, we can find outstanding difference in the latter two elements including accessed produetion （t= 5.53 ,p〈0. 001） and intention type （t = 2.27 ,P〈0.05）. And it is strikingly to note that the score of the better group is strikingly higher than that of the worth group. Conclusion Individuals were inclined to use memory strategy, accessed production and intention type as the retrieval cues of everyday time-based prospective memory, which represents accessing and empirical characteristics.