马桑叶提取物的杀虫杀菌活性初步研究

Insecticidal and Fungicidal Activity of Extracts from Coriaria sinica Maxim Leaves

为寻找马桑中的活性成分,利用活性跟踪研究了马桑叶乙醇/水提取物及其分段产物室内对小菜蛾、麦蚜、苹果轮纹病菌等靶标生物的活性。结果表明,马桑提取物对小菜蛾、麦蚜有较强的拒食(胃毒)作用,并抑制其生长发育,对苹果轮纹病菌有较强的抑菌活性。就各分段产物而言,氯仿相、水相、乙酸乙酯相分别是小菜蛾、麦蚜、苹果轮纹病菌的活性部位。初步判断,从马桑叶中分离得到的化合物氯仿相的主要活性成分为三萜类化合物,水相为倍半萜类化合物、乙酸乙酯相为黄酮类化合物。

Laboratory bioassay was conducted on insecticidal and fungicidal activity of aqueous ethanol extracts from Coriaria sinica Maxim leaves against Plutella xylostella L, Macrosiphum avenae （Fabricius）and Physalospora piricola to search for the active components according to the guidance of bioactivity of assaying. The results indicated that the extracts exhibited obvious stomachic toxicity, antifeedant and growth inhibition activity to Plutella xylostella L, Macrosiphum avenae （Fabricius） and fungicidal activity to Physalospora piricda. Among the fractionated components, the chloroform, water, and ethyl acetate fraction had higher activity to Plutella xylostella L, Macrosiphum avenae （Fabricius）and Physalospora piricola, respectively, and their active components were triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, fiavonoids correspondingly.