人工饲养白鹳、黑鹳卵壳成分分析及超微结构观察

Elemental Composition and Ultrastructure of Eggshells of White Storks and Black Storks on Condition of Artificial Rearing

通过对白鹳和黑鹳的卵壳成分测定及电镜扫描发现:白鹳卵壳中N、Fe、P、Hg的含量明显高于黑鹳,而黑鹳中的Na则高于白鹳;白鹳和黑鹳的卵壳中均检出超量重金属污染物铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、锶(Sr)、砷(As)、汞(Hg),说明母体也受到了一定程度的污染;白鹳和黑鹳的卵壳均分为外表结晶层、栅栏层、乳突层和壳膜层,两卵壳厚度的差异主要体现壳膜厚度上;白鹳卵壳外表面的单位气孔密度明显低于黑鹳,其气孔口形状规则,孔壁较平滑,而黑鹳则不规则且粗糙;白鹳壳膜纤维密度小,排列不规则,而黑鹳壳膜则密度稍大,排列呈竹林状。白鹳和黑鹳卵壳在研究结果上的异同,体现了这两个亲缘种在生理、遗传、系统发育上种间相似性和特异性。

A study was conducted to determine the elemental composition and to scan the ultrastrncture of eggshells of captive white storks and black storks. Results showed that the content of N, Fe, P, Hg in white storks＇ eggshells is higher than that in black storks＇ , but Na does conversely. Heavy metal pollutant such as Pb, Cd, St, As and Hg were examined out in eggshells of both white stork and black stork, which indicates that the mother bodies have been polluted. The eggshells of both are divided into four layers： surface crystal layer, palisade layer, mammillary layer and shell membrane. In the aspects of uhrastructure, the shape of pore in white storks＇ eggshells is more regular and the wall of pore is smoother than those in black storks＇ , and the fibre density of shell membrane of the whitestorks＇ are denser and arranged like bamboo forest. It is concluded that there are interspecific comparability and variability between these two relatives concerning physiology, genetics and phylogenesis.