试析尼采的“永恒轮回说”

An Analysis of Nietzsche's "Ever-Transmigrating Theory"

尼采的“永恒轮回说”是用来回答事物运动发展归宿的这样一个世界观问题,在其整个思想体系中具有基础性意义。尼采形成并接受这个思想经历了悲苦、恐怖并最终战胜的心理体验。这一思想的意义在于:(1)反对了基督教及其它有关世界发展的种种目的论观点,对世界的自然性进行了辩护;(2)高度肯定了变易的感性世界的唯一性,有力地批判了无时间性的超感性理想的虚幻性和破坏性;(3)作为“超人”实现的理论公设,有着激发人的创造活力、促成人的个性化创新的作用。永恒轮回的是“相同者,”德鲁兹把“永恒轮回说”理解为“选育”的哲学,背离了尼采“肯定生命热爱命运”的“酒神精神”。尼采的局限在于没有最终摆脱传统的宏大叙事,试图给“超人”生存寻找形而上的支撑,从而淡化了个性化创新生命的自在价值。

Nietzsche＇s ＂ever-transmigrating theory＂ was intended to answer the world-view question on the end-results of the movements of things. It is of primary importance to his ideological system because of the following：（1） it argues against the Christian theodicy view of history and all teleological views about the development of the world, and defends the naturalness of the world; （2） it highly affirms the mutable realistic world while strongly criticizing the unrealness and subversiveness of the non-timely senseless ideals;（3） the theoretical assumption as the realization of ＂superman＂ is supplied with the function that arouses people＇s creativity and individuated innovation. Those who ever-transmigrate are the ＂same ones＂. In interpreting the ＂ever-transmigrating theory＂ as a ＂breeding-selection＂ philosophy, Deleuze deviates from the Dionysian spirit advocated by Nietzsehe who ＂affirms life and loves fate＂. Nietzsche＇s limitation lies in that he didn＇t break away from the traditional magnificent narration, hoping to find some metaphysical support for the existence of ＂superman＂, thus diminishing the inward value of the individuated llfe-creation.