中国水资源安全保障体系构建

Constructing the Safety Guarantee System of Water Resources in China

中国水资源安全面临着两个突出的矛盾:一是经济的持续高速增长与水环境保护力度相对不足之间的矛盾,二是经济发展所导致的水资源需求的迅猛扩张与水资源供给的有限性之间的矛盾。在技术水平和制度条件给定的前提下,水资源供不应求的矛盾会日益严峻;在技术进步和制度创新持续进行的前提下,可能缓解水资源供不应求的矛盾。水资源安全保障体系的构建要从水资源供给保障体系、需求保障体系和贸易保障体系三个方面入手。其目标是通过市场创新、政府创新和社会创新,构筑起“市场—政府—社会”三足鼎立的制度结构。

Safety of water resources is being faced with two projecting contradictions in China： the first one is the contradiction between economic increase which is going on at a high speed and the relative lack of water environmental protection; the second is the contradiction between rapidly increasing demand of water resources that is led by economic development and the finiteness of supply of water resources. The contradiction of water supply shortage will be increasingly stern under the preset premise of technological standard and institutional condition, but it may be probably relieved under the premise of technological advance and institutional innovation. The construction of safety guarantee system of water resources should start from supply, demand and trading guarantee systems of water resources. The target is to build the institu tional structure of ＂market-government-society＂ that stands like the three legs of a tripod by way of market innovation, government innovation and society innovation.