民国时期女性留学与发展定位

Situation of the Female Studying Abroad and Its Developmental Location During the Republican Period

我国女性留学始于鸦片战争后,由美国传教士带出、毕业于纽约医院附属医学院的金雅妹是中国第一位女留学生。民国初年留学政策的修正,使女性留学从个案发展成为政府认可的社会现象,推动了国内女学的发展;女性留学归国后的职业选择与留学专业密切相关,师范教育、文学艺术、医学等是主要门类,择业地域则大都选择在沿海和发达的城市。民国时期,女性留学正处在提倡新学的时代,女性留学随着社会的进步而发展起来,它更是进步与时尚的社会新现象。留学女性的“出”与“归”不仅是对人们固有的传统观念“女子无才便是德”的挑战,而且是对社会改革和进步的贡献。女性留学及其归国后形成的女性职业群体,对中国妇女运动产生了重大影响,并构成了民国时期社会发展的一支重要力量。

The female studying abroad is developing with the social advancement during the republican period. As a situation of social improvement and fashion, it is not only a challenge to Chinese traditional ideas, but also a contribution to the society. The female students who study abroad and return to their homeland have greatly influenced the women movement in China and being an important strength of the social development. This article is an initial investigation of the developmental location of female studying abroad and its social affection which is few involved by history books.