论蒲松龄的儒学思想和鬼神观念

A Review of Pu Songling's Confucianism and Demonology

蒲松龄基本哲学观点及其宗教鬼神观念具有矛盾性。宗教鬼神不过是借之发愤的手段,蒲氏对宗教鬼神有似信复疑的态度。虽然抱着济世的儒家思想,而现实又迫使蒲氏对儒家的思想道德产生了怀疑。作品中表现了他冀求恢复科举的健康机能,以实现其“学而优则仕”的儒家思想,但出于个人不平遭际,又对科举强烈批判;受明中叶以来反对程朱理学的社会思潮影响,蒲氏作品表现出反礼教、反传统的新型道德观念。

There are many inconsistencies between Pu songling＇ s basic attitude of philosophy and demonology. In his viewpoint, he just resorted to the demon, and abreaction was his real purpose. Pu songling＇ s suspicion to the Demonology lies on his contradiction in terms. The practice made Pu songling threw doubt upon the Confucianism, though he had a salvation attitude, which he accepted from the Confucianism. He had a dream that maybe some day he could serve the Emperor due to his abundant knowledge. So in his works he expressed his willing of rescuing the imperial examination, through which he could actualize his dream. But on the contrary he deprecatd the imperial examination for his unjustness received from it. Influenced by the thought which was anti-rationalist started from middle period of Ming Dynasty, his works expressed a new type morality, and that was anti-ethic and anti-tradition.