试论牟宗三对康德自由意志的改造

Trying to discuss Mu Zongsan's reconstruction about Kantian theory of free will

会通儒家思想与康德哲学是牟宗三学术研究的一项重要内容。在此会通过程中,牟宗三把康德哲学的某些概念做了相应的改造。其中,对“自由意志”的改造至关重要。牟宗三通过对人拥有智的直觉的肯定使“自由意志”成为可知,通过对性、情、心的提升完成了对“自由意志”的能动性改造,又借助有限心向无限心的跳跃完成了对“自由意志”的超越性改造。使先验道德能够得以落实。这在一定程度上避免了康德将道德法则孤悬的缺憾,但同时也冲淡了蕴涵在康德道德哲学中的无限张力。

It is an important content of Mu Zongsan＇ s composition to digest Confucianism and Kantian philosophy. In the process of this digestion, Mu Zongsan rebuiMs some of Kantian concepts correspondingly. It is very important to rebuild the concept of free will. Through affiming that human being have intellectual intuition, Mu Zongsan makes free will known; through advancing nature, affection and mind, he completes motile reconstruction of free will; through jumping from finite mind to infinite mind, he accomplishes the transcendental change of free will and makes a priori moral actualization. In a certain extent, these things avoid Kantian insufficiency in hanging moral law lonely. However, they also weaken the infinite tensility that embodies in Kantian philosophy.