广州市部分居室空气中PM_(2.5)污染特征

Characteristics of Indoor PM2.5 Pollution in Some Residential Houses in Guangzhou

目的了解广州市居民室内空气中PM2.5的污染特征并探讨其污染来源。方法于2003年6—7月期间,使用低流量采样器于广州市9个有代表性居民住宅采集室内PM2.5样品,测定其浓度及有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的含量。结果室内采样点PM2.5平均浓度为(47.4±17.7)μg/m3,高于其他国家或地区已有的监测结果。PM2.5中OC和EC的平均浓度分别为(9.2±1.4)、(3.72±0.48)μg/m3;OC和EC分别占PM2.5的26.4%±5.6%和9.3%±4.8%。其中,OC主要来源于室内的污染源,而EC则可能与室外污染源的关系更为密切。结论室内污染源(烹饪、吸烟等)、室外污染源(机动车排放)以及房屋条件(通风条件、装修时间)等对室内的PM2.5浓度水平的影响较大。

Objective To understand the characteristics of indoor PM2.5 pollution in residential houses in Guangzhou. Methods Indoor PM2.5 samples were collected in nine residential sites using mini-volume sampler in Guangzhou in summer （June to July, 2003）. Mass concentration of PM2.5 and the organic carbon （OC） and elemental carbon （EC） levels in PM2.5 were measured. Results The average concentration of PM2.5 was （47.4±17.7） mg/m^3, a relatively high concentration compared to the previous studies in other cities. The OC and EC concentrations in PM2.5 were （12.5±8.7） and （4.4±2.3） mg/m^3 respectively. OC and EC counted for 24.6%±5.6% and 9.9%±4.8% in indoor PM2.5. However, it was estimated that OC mainly came from indoor sources and EC related well with outdoor sources, which conformed to the source investigation. Conclusion Cooking, smoking and outdoor sources are the prominent contributors to the indoor PM2.5 pollution. Housing conditions such as decoration and ventilation may affect the indoor PM2.5 level.