梅州市地方性氟中毒病区改水降氟效果

Effect Assessment of Water Supply Improvement in the Fluorosis Prevalent Regions in Meizhou, China

目的通过对梅州市地方性氟中毒病区饮用水氟浓度、当地出生儿童氟斑牙患病情况以及改水工程运行情况的调查,深入了解改水降氟效果,分析存在的问题并找出相应对策。方法于2004年采用Dean氏法方法对梅州市地方性氟中毒病区1～6年级当地出生的5082名儿童的氟斑牙患病情况进行普查;并进行饮水氟浓度测定;同时调查了病区改水工程运行情况。结果改水后1～6年级当地出生的儿童氟斑牙患病率为28.43%,比改水前(56.99%)下降有统计学意义(χ2=953.65,P<0.001)。饮用水氟浓度合格率达83.33%;改水工程正常运行率为68.42%;病区数量由57个减少到29个,患病人数由53812人减少到25112人。结论改水降氟效果显著,但部分病区改水工作只注重水源,而忽视供水管理和日常维护,致使改水工程受损,加上水源不足等因素,病区群众交替使用高氟水源作饮用水,造成该地群众仍未解除地氟病危害。

Objective To understand thoroughly the effect of water improvement by investigating fluoride contents of drinking water in Meizhou fluorosis prevalent regions, the prevalence of fluoresis and the problems in water supply improvement projects. Methods In 2004, fluoride contents in drinking water were determined, 5 082 native pupils were examined for dental fluorosis according to Dean＇ s method and the running status of water supply improvement projects was investigated also. Results After water supply improvement, the prevalence rate of the dental fluorosis in the fluorosis region（28.43 %） decreased significantly compared with that（56.99%） before the water supply improvement, the rate of fluoride content in drinking water that was up to standard reached 83.33%, the good running rate of water supply improvement projects was 68.42%. Conclusion The effect of water supply improvement is remarkable and satisfactory. In some regions little attention was paid to the management and daily maintenance of water supply but water source, which may cause water supply improvement projects damaged, in addition, water insufficiency and the alternate consumption of high fluoride water and normal water may be the main factors for fluorosis prevalence in some areas where although the water supply improvement has been finished.