欧洲葡萄栽培和酿酒在中国的传播

The Spread of Cultivation and Wine-making of Vitis vinifera L. in China

欧洲葡萄(Vitis vinifera L．)栽培和酿酒引入中国西部的时间是在西汉以前,引入中部地区的时间是在西汉。引入的路线是从中亚到汉代西域,再至都城长安,然后逐渐向东部地区传播,先至河南、山西,之后扩散至河北、山东以及其他地区。中国古代人民培育出许多著名的葡萄品种,采用了独特的葡萄栽培方式。自然发酵的葡萄酒基本上是在西域地区生产,广大的中东部地区很少采用这种技术。自然发酵在东部广泛应用的时期是元代,中国现代葡萄栽培和酿酒技术始于1892年。目前,欧洲葡萄栽培和酿酒已成为我国新疆、山东、河北等地农业和轻工业中的重要组成部分。

Viticulture and wine-making of Vitis vinifera L. had been brought to west China before Han dynasty. After that, they spread to middle and east area. The route was from middle Asia to west China and then to shaanxi , Henan and Shanxi; then to Hebei,Shandong and other area. Many famous grape cultivars had been selected. Special technology of viticulture and white spirit-like wine-making methods were adopted by ancient farmers in China. Natural fermented wine was pruduced usually in west area , The natural fermentation technology had seldom been used in middle and east China. In Yuan dynasty,this technology had been adopted widely. Modern viticulture and brewage of Vitis vinifera L. started in 1892 A. D. Nowadays, Vitis vinifera L. Has been an important part of agriculture and light industry in Xinjiang, Shandong, Hebei.