《泰西人身说概》与《人身图说》研究

A Study on Two Earliest Translations of Western Anatomy

《泰西人身说概》和《人身图说》是明末耶稣会士翻译的两部西方解剖学著作,也是中国最早的西方解剖学译著。以往国内学者一般认为这两部著作是古罗马盖仑体系之下的旧学说,没有反映文艺复兴时期以维萨留斯为代表的新的解剖学成果。文章分析了两部译著的文本内容,认为这两部书都不是完整的解剖学著作,二者合起来才构成一部完整的西方解剖学著作。通过与维萨留斯《人体构造》进行比较,认为《泰西人身说概》和《人身图说》不但在内容上吸收了维萨留斯及其以后的解剖学新成果,而且二者的合编在篇章结构、体例方面也与《人体构造》有一致性,是维萨留斯体系的解剖学译著,基本反映了16 世纪西方解剖学的概貌。

Taixi Renshen Shuogai （ Outline of Human Body of the West） and Renshen Tushuo （Illustrated Explanation of the Human Body） , translated by the Jesuits in the 17th century, are two earliest Chinese translations of Western anatomy. It was mostly considered in academic： circles that the two Chinese translations introduced the old Galenical anatomy, and the knowledge of anatonmy intro- duced in the late Ming Dynasty was that in medieval Europe. However,by textual research and com- parison between the two Chinese translations and The Fabric of Andreas Vesalius （1514 - 1564） ,the author finds that the lwo translations reflect the anatomic system of Vesalius. The knowledge of anatomy introduced in the late Ming Dynasty is actually that flourished in Europe in the 16th century.