封闭保守 热衷仕途——湖湘文化的反思

Closed & Preservative and Keen on Official Careers——Reflections on Huxiang Culture

湖湘文化“重坚守”,封闭保守,缺乏创新活力。其主要原因:一是作为湖湘文化核心的湖湘学派的“守先正”思想的影响,湖湘学派创始人胡安国、胡宏、张木式等要求革除弊政,但又坚守祖训,坚持祖制;二是湖南三面环山一面临水的北向马蹄形地理环境,便于北向接受中原传统文化,而对东南沿海的海洋文化却有阻扼作用。湖湘文化“重士农而轻工商”,热衷仕途,鄙薄科技工作。其主要原因:一是传统儒家“万般皆下品,惟有读书高”思想的影响;二是湖南在中国近、现代历史上“中兴将相,什九湖湘”的显赫地理,更强化了湘人从政的热忱。所以继续解放思想、扩大开放和破除“官本位”思想,仍是湖南思想、文化界的重要任务。

Huxiang Culture is paid attention to adherence, closed and preservative, lacking of prime power of innovation. The reasons lie in the followings： 1） Influenced by the “adhering to orthodox ideas” thought of the Huxiang School, the core of Huxiang Culture, the pioneers of Huxiang School, HU An - guo, HU Hong and ZHANG Shi, demanded to abolish the outmoded politics, but adhered to the ancestral systems; 2） the northward horse- shape geographical conditions surrounded by mountains in three sides and bordering a river in one side, Hunan was easily accessible to accepting the traditional culture in the Central Plains, but held back the oceanic culture in the southeast coastal area. Huxiang Culture attached much attention to agriculture instead of to industry and business, and despised the technical work. The reasons resulted from the influence of the traditional Confucian thought, i.e. “All other callings now rank first, the study of books is last and worst” and from the prominent geography, which had produced many generals and ministers, intensifying the Hunanese＇s zeal for official careers, Thus it is still an important task for Hunan ideological and cultural circles to continually emancipate thought, accelerate opening up and abolish the thought of “valuing official titles”.