中国蚊科11属35种蚊虫核型研究

A STUDY OF THE KARYOTYPES OF ELEVEN GENERA AND THIRTY FIVE SPECIES OF MOSQUITOES PRESENTED IN CHINA (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

采用改进的蚊虫染色体制片技术，制作不同蚊种脑神经细胞染色体玻片４００余张，对我国蚊科１１属３５种核型进行了系统分析和描述，并对其测量值进行了统计学处理和一定范围内的比较分析，其中领蚊属和局限蚊属以及２２种核型系首次报道，并有７属３０种核型系国内首次描述。研究结果表明：按蚊的核型具有种的特异性；染色体绝对长度存在属间差异，可以作为辅助鉴别属征；蚊虫脑细胞有丝分裂前期乃至前中期同源染色体的配对现象较为普遍，但按蚊属雄性个体的性染色体并未参与配对。

The morphology of mitotic chromosomes from brain tissues of forth-instar larvae has been studied in eleven genera and thirty five species of mosquitoes presented in China. There included 4 of Anopheles, 7 of Aedes, 13 of Culex, 2 each of Armigeres, Uranotienia and Topomyia, one each of Heizmania, Othopodomyia, Malaya, Tripteroides and Toxorhynchites. The Chromosome preparation techniques used before have now been improved by the Giemsa staining techniques. A comparison of the mitotic figures among the eleven genera and thirty five species is provided in generic and specific differences analyisis. The variance among the four species of Anopheles was analyized with Q-test. The results are as follows: 1.The differences of the mitotic figures among the four species of Anopheles are highly significant. 2.The brain tissue somatic paring in all the three pairs of chromosomes during prophase is common, except No.1 chromosomes of male Anopheles in some of species, the doubled chromosomes seemed presented untill the early metaphase. 3.The total length of chromosomes is different in various genera and appears to be a generic characteristic. The karyotypes of Hei zmania, Topomyia and twenty two species are described for the first time and those of seven genera and thirty species are first described in China.