用于杀虫剂评价的水池中无脊椎动物的群落结构及其种群动态

\INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND POPULATION DYNAMICS IN EXPERIMENTAL PONDS ROUTINELY UTILIZED FOR EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES

实验水池是评价杀虫剂效应和安全性的重要场所，水池中无脊椎动物群落结构和种群动态是评价杀虫剂的基础资料和考核指标。本文报告１９９２年至１９９３年在美国佛罗里达中部地区对应用于杀虫剂评价的实验水池中昆虫与其它无脊椎动物群落结构及其优势种的种群动态研究结果。用羽化诱捕、勺舀、网拉及挖取底物法，从实验水池中共采到昆虫与其它无脊椎动物５０余类。其中，羽化诱捕到的昆虫中摇蚊占９３．９％，蜉蝣目昆虫占４．６％，莹蚊占１．５％；水面勺舀采样所获昆虫中，半翅目占６２％，鞘翅目占１４．６％，双翅目占１２．１％，晴蜓目占４．９％，其它无脊椎动物占６．４％；网拉法所获其它无脊椎动物中，轮虫占４６．８％，桡足类占４１％，枝角目类占１２％；挖取底物法所获无脊椎动物中，线虫占５３．７％，摇蚊幼虫占３６．９％，其它占９．４％，优势种的变化与池中水深、ｐＨ以及氧含量的季节变化有关。

Outdoor experimental ponds are mesocosms utilized for efficacy evaluations of insecticides against natural populations of vector and pest insects and safety assessments to coexisting aquatic nontarget organisms. Knowledge of the inhabiting invertebrate community and their population dynamics in the ponds is the basis for such evaluations. This paper presents the results of a study on the invertebrate community and population dynamics in 18 uniform (in size and depth) experimental ponds in central Florida, USA, during 1992-1993. Over 50 groups or species of invertebrates were collected from the ponds utilizing emergence traps for emerging insects, tow nets for zooplankton, dip nets for nektonic invertebrates, and scoop samplers for benthic invertebrates. The adult community taken in emergence traps was comprised of chironomid midges (93 9%), Ephemeroptera (4 6%), and Chaoboridae (1 5%). The community of invertebrates from dip samples was comprised of Hemiptera (62%), Colepotera (14 6%), Diptera (12 1%), Odonata (4 9%), and other invertebrates (6 4%). The community of tow net samples was consisted of Rotifera (46 8%), Copepoda (41%) and Cladocera (12%). The benthic invertebrate community was comprised principally of Nematoda (53 7%), Chironomidae (36 9%) and others (9 4%). The density of predominant groups or species varied with seasonal variations of water temperature and depth in the ponds.