科学范式:《资本论》的逻辑构造方法及其应用规则

Scientific Criterion: Logical Constitution of On Capital and Its Applied Regulation

马克思按照研究对象的特殊矛盾、存在形式、结构功能及其发展运动内在联系的客观逻辑,科学地选择逻辑起点范畴、中心范畴、范畴体系结构和秩序,创造了组织构成系统化、结构关联功能化、功能耦合机制化的《资本论》科学体系,全面展示资本主义社会经济发展运动的客观机理,系统模拟和整理发展运动的规则和秩序,揭示其发展运动规律及其历史趋势。这是马克思在政治经济学逻辑构造方法上的革命和创造。通过这种革命和创造,《资本论》成为政治经济学、唯物辩证法、系统逻辑构造方法“三位一体”的科学经典,马克思成为科学研究和使用系统方法论的历史先驱和现代系统论的科学奠基人。《资本论》逻辑构造的科学方法和高超艺术所形成的科学范式和标准系统,揭示出科学理论系统化逻辑构造的一般规律性。应用这种科学方法的主要规则,一是研究对象的主体存在形式和发展运动结构,决定理论范畴系统的逻辑结构;二是将构成要素建立在成熟和典型性形态的逻辑考察基础上,使各个范畴的内在规定和相互之间的内在联系在理想的平均形式中表现出来;三是特殊矛盾及其各种发展形式的内在联系,决定各个范畴之间发展转化的逻辑结构和秩序。

According to researched object＇s special contradiction, modality of existence, structure function and impersonality logic of its inner development, Marx scientifically chooses logic jumping-off category, focusing category, structure and order of category system. He creates the scientific system of On Capital which is systematism of organization structure, functionlize of structure conjunction and mechanism of function coupling. On Capital lays out the impersonality mechanism of developing operation of capitalist society and economy, and its system simulation, regulation and order of coordinate operation, opens out its developing law and its historical trend. These are Marx＇s revolution and creativity of logic Constitution Method in political economics. The scientific criterion and standard system which On Capital formed discover the foundational principle of logical constitution of systematism of scientific theory. The main rules of applying this kind of method as following： Firstly, principal existing form of researched object and its structure. of developing operation decide on logic structure of academic category system. Secondly, ascertaining inscapes based on logic, which can illuminate the interrelationships among the different categories by a perfect average form. Thirdly, the special contradiction and the interrelationships of its various forms decide on the logic structure and system among the different categories.