文学史视野下的中国古代文人社团

China Ancient Scholar Mass Organizations In the Literature Visual Field

“社”本为土地神,由先秦时期“把社”的群体行为衍化为地方行政单位。以传承道统为目的的“士”人集团的民间化直接孕育了后世的社团组织。中国古代文学史上第一个以“社”命名的白莲社标志着中国古代结社意识的觉醒。真正意义上的文人社团出现于唐代,宋代城市经济的发展和文学的民间化倾向使“社”的组织具有多样性,文人社团成为文人士大夫优游林下的精神家园,结社与文学发生了密切关系,不仅促进了文学思想的传播,而且形成了风格相近的文学流派。明代的文人社团有了飞速发展,社团组织的数量急剧攀升,并同政治相结合,成为中国文学史上的一大景观。

Originally referred to the god of the earth, “She” （organization） developed into a local administrative unit from the group activity of “ sacrificing organization” in Pre - Qin Dynasty. For the sake of inheriting Taoist tradition, the popularization of the scholars＇group activities gave the scholar organizations of various kinds. Bailian She （White Lily Organization） the impetus to the birth , the first formally nom- inated as “She”, signified the awakening of the scholars＇consciousness to be united as“organizations”. Organizations of men of letters in the real sense came into being in Tang Dynasty, which enjoyed diversifled forms with the booming economy in the cities in Song Dynasty. Such organizations served as the ideal circles for scholars and masters to carry out their missions. These organizations were heavily involved in the literary activities, which in turn enhanced the popularization of the literary ideas and the formation of various schools of similar taste and style. Ming Dynasty witnessed the fast growth of the organizations of scholars, which joined the political force and turned to be a spectacular phenomenon in the history of Chinese literature.