旅游开发对西安传统民俗文化的影响效应

Study on the Impact of Tourism on the Traditional Custom Culture of Destination——A Case Study of Xi'an

旅游开发对目的地传统民俗文化的影响是“旅游社会文化影响”研究的重要内容,文章以西安为研究对象,分析了旅游开发对当地饮食、节庆和娱乐民俗文化产生的影响效应。文章指出旅游目的地提供给游客的往往是当地民俗文化中易于被商品化的一类;传统的民俗文化一旦被推向旅游市场,它必然要遵循市场运作的原则,为适应旅游市场的需要而发生形式和内容上的改变;对此,当地居民与游客之间存在着明显的感知差异,但这并没有影响到当地居民对“原汁原味”的传统民俗文化的认同感。

Since the middle and late 90s, Chinese scholars have gradually paid attention to the impact ot tourism on the traditional custom culture of destination, which is the important content of the research on “the tourism social-cultural effect”. But the interrelated studies mainly focused on the destination of minority instead of the non-minority. This paper takes Xi＇ an as the investigative object, analyzes roundly and systematically the impacts of tourism on the local diet, festival and recreational custom culture by the methods of interview with residents, questionnaire and field survey. At the end of this paper, the authors points out in sum that the things that destination provides for tourist are generally the visible, appreciable and aptly-merchandised parts of tradi tional custom culture, not full of traditional custom culture; Furthermore, once the traditional custom culture is introduced to the market, it must abide by the operational principle of market and then keeps away from its primary living background by degrees; It is recruited with more new cultural content as a cultural product that can be consumed, and changes its form and content to fit the tourism market; In consideration of above facts, there is an obvious difference of perceptivity between resident and tourist, but it does not influence the residents to the sense of self-identity of trueborn traditional custom culture.