老年人与交通事故的调查分析(英文)

The elderly and motor vehicle crashes

目的中国目前正在经历老年人口与交通车辆的同时快速增长。随着人口的老龄化加剧以及社会的发展,老年驾驶者人数将预期明显增加。国际上对老年人交通安全的经验可能对中国即将增加的老年驾驶者有借鉴作用。方法检索并分析了中国以及一些发达国家,如美国等有关老年驾驶者以及交通事故安全的论文及论著。结果尽管老年人较少开车且普遍地使用安全带,但他们交通事故发生数以及死亡率较其他年龄组高。老年人视觉以及感知功能的损害也增加了发生交通事故的危险性,同时也产生了其独特的事故形式。与年轻人相比,在相同的受伤程度下,老年人体格上的衰退和疾病因素可能对会产生更坏的结果。虽然老年驾驶者在中国还是少数,与其他年龄组相比,老年人有较高的交通事故伤害率、步行者死亡率和较高的农村老年人受害率。结论国际上对老年人交通安全的经验,比如更好的道路安全设计,高可视安全标识和安全带法律的实施,安全带使用的公共教育,以及老年驾驶证的更新等对中国的交通安全设计者以及法律的制定者可能会有帮助。这些经验对损伤预防研究者在老年人交通事故危险因素的识别方面,以及对工程师在驾驶环境和车辆设计等方面也有着重要的意义。

Objective China is experiencing rapid growth both in the number of senior citizens and in automobiles. As the population ages, the number of elderly automobile drivers can be expected to grow. international experience on the safety of elderly drivers may be useful in anticipating the effects of the growth in the number of elderly drivers in China. Methods This study reviewed the literatures and summarized the research on elderly driver motor vehicle crash prevention both from China and some developed countries such as USA. Results Despite elderly drivers driving less as a whole and having higher seat belt compliance, their mileage-adjusted motor vehicle crash （MVC） and fatality rate is higher than any other age group. Visual and cognitive impairment among elderly drivers raises the risk of a MVC, and these conditions cause unique collision patterns. Physical fragility and co-morbidities confer a poorer outcome post MVC compared to younger drivers with equivalent injury severity. Although few elderly drivers in China, data has shown higher rate of traffie injury among elderly, higher fatality of elderly pedestrian, and higher rate of elderly victims in rural area. Conclusion International experience on the safety of elderly drivers such as better road safety design, highly visible and seatbelt law enforcement, public education in regards to seatbeh use, and adjustment for license renewal period may be helpful to the traffic safety designers and policy makers in China. These issues may also have important implications for injury prevention researchers in identifying elderly driver MVC risk factors, and engineers optimizing the driving environment and vehicle.