4种植物提取物对植物病原菌的抑菌作用

Preliminary studies on plant pathogen inhibition using four plant extracts

采用生长速率法和悬滴法测定了苦参、牛膝菊、独角莲、蔓陀萝4种植物的丙酮提取物对水稻恶苗病菌、稻瘟病菌、玉米小斑病菌、玉米弯孢菌叶斑病菌、番茄叶霉病菌和辣椒根腐病菌的生物活性。研究结果表明:在质量浓度为0.10g/ml下,苦参根提取物对几种供试菌的菌丝生长抑菌率均高于50%,对番茄叶霉病菌的抑制率高达88.57%,对6种供试病原真菌孢子萌发的抑制率均高于70%,对稻瘟病菌、玉米弯孢菌叶斑病菌和番茄叶霉病菌的孢子萌发抑制率为100%;独角莲对稻瘟病菌、玉米弯孢菌叶斑病菌和番茄叶霉病菌的孢子萌发抑制率分别为89.51%、96.00%和99.50%。

Using growth rate and hanging drop methods, biological activity of four acetone extracts from Sophora flavescens Ait., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Typhonium giganteum Engl., and Datura stramonium L. were assayed against Fusarium moniliforme, Pyricularia grisea, Helminthosporium maydis, Curvularia lunata, Fulvia fulva, and Fusarium solani. Root extracts of S. flavescens at 0.10 g/ml provided 〉50% inhibition of mycelium growth rates in several test fungi species, 88.6% inhibition of F. fulva, 〉70% inhibition of spore germination in the six pathogenic fungi tested, and 100% inhibition of spore germination in P. grisea, H. maydis, and C. lunata. T. giganteum extracts produced spore germination inhibition of 89.5. 96.0. and 99.5% in P. frisea, C. lunata, and F. fulva, respectively.