人际关系对归因过程及助人意愿的影响

The Influence of Interpersonal Relations on Attribution and Willingness for Help

目的考察朋友、陌生人和竞争对手3种人际关系对大学生归因过程、责任推断、情感反应和助人意愿的影响。方法采用自编学校处罚情景问卷,通过角色扮演,引入3种人际关系;通过likert7点量表测量129名被试的反应。结果与行为者是竞争对手关系时倾向于内部归因,陌生人和朋友关系倾向于外部归因;朋友关系时,被试产生更多的同情和更少的生气,竞争对手关系反之;陌生人关系居中。人们的助人意愿程度按朋友、竞争对手、陌生人依次减弱。结论不同人际关系对助人过程有影响作用,其中在归因部位这一维度表现十分明显,并由此影响了后继助人意愿,但是在责任推断和情感反应上没有发现不同人际关系之间的差异。

Objective To explore the influence of three types of interpersonal relations （friends, strangers ann rivals） on attributional processes, judgment of responsibility, affective response and willingness to help. Methods The data were collected by questionnaires which contained a university＇s disciplinary scenario requiring participant role-playing to establish the participants＇ relations to the actor in the scenario. A 7-point List scale was used to measure 129 participants＇ responses on the four dimensions （attribute, judgment of responsibility, affective response, and willingness） in each specific scenario. Results When the relationship between the participant and actor in the scenario is of rivals, participants make more internal attributions, while more external attributions are made when in the stranger or friend scenarios. Similarly, more pity and less anger were elicited when in the friend scenario, whereas the rival scenario elicited the opposite response. The stranger scenario elicited intermediate levels of pity and anger. Willingness to help a friend, rival or stranger decreased respectively. Conclusion Interpersonal relations influence the locus of attribution and the willingness for help, but do not significantly affect the dimen sions of affective response and judgment Of responsibility.