关于我国水权制度建设若干问题的思考

Discussion on the construction of water rights system in China

我国的国情和水情决定了建立水权制度的必要性和紧迫性。水权的内涵非常丰富,包括流域的生态水权和环境水权、社会经济水权、国家预留水权等,水权初始分配应按照公平性、以现状为基础协商调整、效率性、供水优先序、总量控制、保护弱势群体、权利和义务统一性等原则。在这些原则下,考虑国家预留水权、农业水权,以及水权分配与总量控制、定额管理、取水许可等。

The situation of our country and water in China determine that it is necessary and the pressure to construct water right system. With the abundant connotation, water right consists of ecologic, environmental, social-economic, state-reserved ones in river basins. The initial allocation of water right should be carried out based on the principles of equity, priority of current conditions, efficiency, water supply ordering, gross control, vulnerable group protection, consistent right and responsibility. Under these principles, state-reserved water right, irrigation water right, water right allocation and gross control, water norm management, and water permission system have been considered.