中国足球体制改革与监管体系建设——概念、问题与方向

Reforming China's Football System and Restructuring Supervision System--Concept, Problem and Orientation

2004年的俱乐部罢赛和国足冲击世界杯失利风波已经过去,足协领导也进行了调整,联赛也在正常地开展。这一切似乎表明,我们的足球事业在经历一番挫折后又步入正常发展的轨道。但我们对此却心存疑虑,原因就在于中国足球事业的体制仍然没有进行根本性调整,对足球与市场、政府的关系问题,有关方面似乎还没有非常清晰合理的认识。从足球是一种公共服务的角度论述了政府干预的必要性和干预的方式。文章认为,我国的足球产业正在经历结构性变革和制度转型,在产权私有化和收入市场化的同时,足球的管理方式没有转变或跟进。因此,如果不在适当的时机提出与足球本身特征和市场经济发展相符监管框架的话,在强烈的逐利动机驱使下,黑哨、假球、赌球、骚乱等不良行为很可能会再次成为争论的焦点。

The conflicts between football clubs and China's Football Association have quieted down, along with the change of leaders and the opening of China Football League 2005. It seems that China's football industry is on the right track again after the crisis in 2004. However, it is doubtable that the trend could be sustainable because the system featured 'command and control' has not yet be restructured and the authority has not well understood the relationship among football, market and government. The aim of the paper is to explain the necessity of government intervention to football industry and how to intervene based on an argument that soccer is a kind of public service. The paper emphasizes that football sectors are facing a thorough structural change and institutional transformation, which means that the approaches of government intervention should be changed with the privatization of football teams and commercialization of football sectors. Therefore, under the push of high-power incentive for self-interest, the amoral conducts could emerge and become public focus.