文化进程中的孔子

Confucius in the Course of Culture

在世界文化的“轴心时代”(亚斯贝尔斯语),孔子在东方的中国创立了儒家学派。在中国文化进程的各层源流里,由于中国文化多元化的特点,孔子在中国文化进程中的地位是发展变化的,但是他作为儒家圣人的地位却是不变的。战国时期的“百家争鸣”以后,儒家文化很快就成为中国文化的主流;在汉代儒学的意识形态化过程中,儒家文化逐渐居于主导地位,孔子则成了“为万世立法”的宗教式的人物;魏晋南北朝延及盛唐,儒家文化是在“玄学”的盛行和佛教的全面传入的情况下与道家文化、佛教文化的相互影响中发展的;宋明时期,随着宋明儒学深入到社会生活的各个方面,孔子的文化价值观成为中国文化的核心价值,孔子本人也成为中国文化的象征;近现代之后,中国社会开始由传统农业社会向近代工业社会变革。与此相应,孔子的地位和命运也发生了根本变化。进入中国社会的“改革开放”及当今世界文化多元化和文明对话的时代,孔子的学说作为世界和平发展、建构和谐秩序以及相互尊重的最重要的精神资源而受到尊重。以孔子为代表的中国文化,已成为世界人民共同的精神财富,得到了广泛的传播,并且开始走向世界,而孔子更是代表东方儒家文化的世界伟人。

Confucius found the schools of thought＂ happened ture. During the consciousness ＂Confucian school＂ at the axe time of world culture .After the ＂contention of numerous in the Warring States, the Confucians quickly become the mainstream of Chinese culforming process of the Confucian studies in Han dynasty, the Confucians gradually occupy the leading position, and Confucius become a figure who seems to have something to do with the religion and who legislate for all ages; from Wei, Jin Dynasty Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Glorious age of Tang Confucian culture is developing under the interacting of Taoist culture and Buddhist culture, and at which Dynasty, time the ＂metaphysics＂ is prevailing and the extensive propaganda of Buddhism; during the Song and Ming Dynasties, the Confucian studies went deep into every aspect of social life. Confucius＇ culture value turned to be the key value of Chinese culture. After the modern times, China began to have a reform of changing the traditional agriculture society to a modern industry society. According with this, the status and fate of Confucius had a fundamental change. Entering into the times of ＂reforming and opening to the outside world＂ of China and the times of world culture multiplication and civilized dialogue, Confucius theory, as the most important spirit resource of the world＇s peaceful development, building the harmonious order and mutual respect. Taking Confucius as the representative, Chinese culture has been the common spirit wealth for the human world, what＇s more, Confucius has been a beings, not only has got wide spreading, but also begun to go out into the great man of world who is representing the eastern Confucian culture.