客方言中“□□■la■ k^hia(蜘蛛)”一词本字及其语音层次

The Word"□□■la ■k^hia(Spider)"in Hakka Dialect and Its Historical Phonetic Stratum

客方言中“蜘蛛”一词具有很强的内部一致性,基本语音形式为l akhia,其它形式也极为相近,并有一定的音变规律可循。本文联系闽语、赣语等,通过书面文献考证其本字应为“罗虫奇”,并进而指出其为客方言中的古音化石。“罗”读la当为歌韵古音遗留,“虫奇”读khia当为上古歌部(“虫奇”从奇得声)字,这部分字中古音已转入支韵,但在方言中仍然保留了区别的痕迹,表现出《切韵》前的语音征状。

In Hakka dialect the pronunciations of the word“spider” ,with 真包含于ia 真包含于K^hia as their basic form,are very closed to each other,from which a certain historical sound change can be traced as well. By comparing with the Min and Gan Dialects and by textual research into the documental records ,this paper concludes the original characters be“罗[虫奇]” of this word and further illustrates the pronunciations are“fossils” of ancient sounds kept in Hakka Dialect. “罗”read as 真包含于la is the remainder of the Rhyme Ge of the Medieval Phonology （ 中古歌韵 ）and“[虫奇]”read as 真包含于k^hia of the Group Ge of the Ancient Phonology（上古歌部,the Dronunciation of “[虫奇]” originates from“奇”）. The characters of the Group had transmitted into Rhyme Zhi of the Medieval Phonology,but some of them still remain the differentiation and retains the pre -Qie Yun phonological features.