重油加工技术的新进展及发展趋势

Development and Trends of Heavy Oil Processing Technology

作为主要的原油进口国,我国原油供应将日趋多元化和劣质化,这要求我国的炼厂,特别是沿海地区炼厂发展灵活和适应能力强的重油深加工流程。为此,介绍了减压深拔、减粘裂化与热裂化、溶剂脱沥青、催化裂化以及延迟焦化、流化焦化及灵活焦化、渣油加氢等现有重油加工技术的进展和特点,以及合成气园及多联产系统、EST工艺、LR闪蒸焦化等重油加工的新概念、新工艺和新技术;对典型含硫原油深加工路线做了简要比较,认为针对低硫原油、轻质及部分中质含硫原油、重质及中质含硫原油可以选择不同的重油加工路线。建议:1)坚持以催化裂化为重油深加工的核心工艺,提高加氢工艺的比例,并以此为基础,推动炼化一体化的协调发展。2)推广先进技术,加大老厂和老装置的改造力度,提高重油深加工的水平和对资源的适应能力。3)发展气化和浆液床加氢两项重要的重油加工技术。

As a major importer of crude oil, China is confronted withincreasingly a diversified and low-grade crude oil supply, whichrequires refineries in China-especially those in the coastal area-to develop flexible and adaptive heavy oil deep processing flow.In this paper, the author introduces the development andcharacteristics of the existing heavy oil processing technologiesand new heavy oil processing concepts, processes andtechnologies. The author compares the typical deep processingmethods of sour crude and comes to the conclusion that differentheavy oil processing methods can be chosen for sweet crude,light crude, and part of medium sour crude, heavy and mediumsour crude. Suggestions: 1) Make catalytic, cracking the coreprocess of heavy oil deep processing, and increase the proportionof hydrogenation process, thereby enabling refining-chemicalintegration. 2) Promote the advanced technology, intensifyreconstruction of the old refineries and facilities, and improvethe heavy oil processing level and adaptation to the resources. 3)Gasification and slurry bed hydrogenation are two major heavyoil processing technologies.