漫议汉外词典中的词类问题

On Parts of Speech in Chinese-foreign Language Dictionaries

根据不同类型汉外词典目标用户的需求特点．提出：内向型汉外词典与外向型汉外词典标注词类的对象应该不同，前者应为外语对应词语标注，后者应为汉语词目词标注；内向型汉外词典中，外语对应词语可以与汉语词目词具有不同的词类，编者不必刻意追求“词类对译”；根据汉语词语的特点，汉外词典的释文宜先按语义划分义项，而在义项之下可以再划分各个词类项。

This dissertation aims at discussing some viewpoints held in China bilingual dictionary circle as regards the question of how to deal with parts of speech in compiling Chinese-foreign language dictionaries. According to the distinctive requirements of users of various Chinese-foreign language dictionaries, I put forward three suggestions： First, the label of parts of speech in the inward Chinese-foreign language dictionaries should differ from that in the outward one. The part of speech of foreign equivalence should be labeled in the former while that of the Chinese headword should be labeled in the latter. Second, it is not necessary for compilers to ensure an absolute corresponding “translation of parts of speech” in inward Chinese-foreign language dictionaries since there can be different parts of speech between the foreign equivalence and the Chinese headword. Third, taking into account of the characteristics of Chinese words, the defining and explaining.paragraph should be divided into senses in accordance with semantics and then in each sense the part of speech be divided.