谈多义词的词义辨析和处理

On Polysemous Words and their Treatment in Dictionaries

一词多义是语言中存在的一个普遍现象，多义词的词义辨析和描述一直是语义研究的重点，也是普通语文词典编纂中最为棘手的问题．但传统词典在这方面做得不够。本文介绍了一些可用于词义辨析的方法，如词形、语境、横组合、纵聚合、语用信息、例证、对应词等，以改进词典对多义词的处理。

Polysemy is a common phenomenon in a language. The differentiation and description of the meanings of these polysemous words have been the focus of semantic research. The treatment of polysemy is certainly the most difficult thing general-language lexicographers have to deal with, and they are not doing very well. Some possible ways are provided to differentiate and describe the meanings of these polysemous words, such as the formal characteristics of words, contextual information, syntagmatic relation, paradigmatic relation, pragmatic information, illustrative examples, equivalents, etc. in order to improve their treatment in dictionaries.