描述的指称规则

The rule of reference of description

为了对人类描述作一个深入系统的研究,以解决一些相关的重要理论难题,本文从指称角度对描述的性质进行了初步探讨,发现描述必须遵守的一个重要规则:指称规则,得出以下结论:描述具有一个非常重要的性质:指他性。描述的指他性指的是描述不能自我包含的性质,描述是一种指他性的活动,它不能把自身作为对象。描述的这一重要性质决定了它必须遵循特定的指称规则。描述的指称规则包括:描述不能自我指称,一个描述的指称不能是该描述本身,描述所指不能是该描述活动及其结果;描述可以自我指涉,但该描述的意义只是把自身排除在所指之外时的意义。违反指称规则会导致不合法描述。人类认识史上的许多认识迷误都与不合法的描述有关,悖论就是描述违反规则的结果。描述自指是悖论产生的必要逻辑条件。

This paper probes into the nature of description from a referring point of view in order to investigate systematically deep into human description and resolve some important theoretical problems related, it finds out that there is an important rule we must observe when we describe： the referring rule; and reaches the conclusion that description has a very important nature, i.e. other-reference. The nature of other-reference is that description cannot contain itself; it＇ s such kind of activity, which cannot take itself as an object. The nature of standard determinates that descriptions must follow the specific rule： the rule of reference. The rules of reference stipulate that a description can＇ t be self-reference, that it can not refer to the description itself, that the reference of a description can be neither the activity of the description itself nor the result of the activity, that a description can be self-reference, but its meaning is the one only when the description itself is ruled out of its reference. The violation of the rule will lead to illegal description. Many misunderstandings in human cognitive history are all related with the wrongful descriptions, and the paradoxes just result from the violation of the rules of description. Self-reference of description is the necessary logical condition that forms paradoxes.